For åtte måneder siden lanserte tu.no sin egen virtual reality-seksjon. og i skrivende stund rommer denne 13 produksjoner. I slutten av februar ble det klart at de første tildelingene fra innovasjonsfondet til Googles Digital News Initiative var på vei ut til europeiske medie- og teknologibedrifter. Tu.nos multimediasjef Eirik Helland Urke har gjennom flere år laget 360 graders bilder og video, hvor leseren selv kan manøvrere seg rundt og utforske miljøet fra ulike perspektiver. Spill ideene inn i kommentarfeltet under, så skal vi se hva vi får til! Det er oppløftende at Google har troen på vårt prosjekt, og den finansielle støtten gjør at Teknisk Ukeblad Media nå kan satse helhjertet på VR-journalistikk uten at ressursbruken går på bekostning av tradisjonell kjernevirksomhet. Despite the years of research into what happens when oil spills in ice, there remain more questions than answers. The problem, of course, is that no country is raising its hand to try spilling oil into the pristine Arctic environment to study what happens. The small spills that have occurred in the name of science, particularly in Norway, have been in controlled environments—far from the reality of what an Arctic spill could look like, with sparse resources, weather that is unpredictable at best and long free slots casino downloads, unforgiving periods of darkness. What does this mean for spilled oil? What is it that makes ice so complicated? As global temperatures climb and the Arctic sea ice melts all slots mobile casino iphone, shipping in the Arctic is on the rise and oil and gas companies are eyeing further development of the vast resources of the North. If there's a spill in the winter, responders have ice, cold and darkness to contend with. If oil spills under the ice, there's still not much known about where it will go. Little is known about currents under the sea ice, either, which is part of the problem. Adding another wrinkle is that the Arctic climate is changing rapidly. So not only do scientists not know much about how ice and oil have historically interacted—they don't understand how new dynamics will affect that relationship, either. "The problem is that even if you drill in the summer, there may be production in the winter," says Nancy Kinner, a professor of civil and environmental engineering at the University of New Hampshire, where she heads up the Coastal Response Research Center in partnership with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. "They're not going to shut it down in the winter. They'll produce 24/7." As the Arctic warms casino theme party, the thick sea ice that historically stuck around from year to year is melting and being replaced by annual sea ice that comes and goes with the seasons. This ice is thinner and more mobile, drifting faster than it did 100 years ago [3] . In 2010 slot machine hack, a working group of the Arctic Council, an intergovernmental body with leaders from each of the Arctic nations, commissioned research firm Der Norske Veritas to look into what a spill of heavy fuel oil could mean for the Arctic. In its report [6]. Der Norske Veritas noted that when oil is transported along with ice, it can be released when the ice melts in the spring. This is a particularly precarious time for Arctic ecosystems. The melting of seasonal sea ice triggers a cycle of life in the Arctic, kicking off a bloom of tiny organisms called phytoplankton, which then work their way up the food chain. Oil spilled under new ice that is re-forming and expanding can become encapsulated—or frozen—into the undersurface of the ice. This actually would be a better-case scenario (because there is no "best-case scenario" for an oil spill), according to C.J. Beegle-Kraus, a senior scientist at Sintef, an independent Norwegian research organization. Sintef has been conducting experiments and modeling to determine what happens to oil in ice. She explains that if oil were spilled during the drilling process, first responders would be on hand, under federal requirements. So if the oil gets encapsulated on the underside of the ice video xxxl 2014, the responders could mark the ice and then follow it through the winter. In the spring thaw, they would theoretically be ready to clean it up. In the Arctic, daylight is not an option for much of the year. In Barrow kasino paa nett uribe, Alaska, the northernmost town in the U.S. the sun sets in November and does not rise above the horizon again for more than two months. At the North Pole [5]. the darkness lasts from early October until early March. The weather can also be extreme. Spill responders can't work in temperatures colder than -40° Fahrenheit. As hard as that may be to imagine, it can be the reality in the Arctic. But when there is ice in the area—and for most of the year there is—it's an entirely different scenario. Bell-mouth spillway of Hungry Horse Dam in operation. Stepped channels and spillways have been used for over 3,000 years. [2] Despite being superseeded by more modern engineering techniques such as hydraulic jumps in the mid twentieth century, since around 1985 [3] interest in stepped spillways and chutes has been renewed, partly due to the use of new construction materials (e.g. RCC, gabions) and design techniques (e.g. embankment overtopping protection). [4] [5] The steps produce considerable energy dissipation along the chute [6] and reduce the size of the required downstream energy dissipation basin. [7] [8] A siphon makes use of the difference in the height between the intake and the outlet to create a pressure difference needed to remove excess water. Siphons however require priming or the removal of air in the bend in order for them to function and most siphon spillways are designed with a system that makes use of water to remove the air and automatically prime the siphon. One such design is the volute siphon which makes use of water forced into a spiral vortex by volutes or fins on a funnel that draw air out of the system. The priming happens automatically when the water level rises above the inlets that are used to drive the priming process. [17] As water passes over a spillway and down the chute, potential energy converts into increasing kinetic energy. Failure to dissipate the water's energy can lead to scouring and erosion at the dam's toe (base). This can cause spillway damage and undermine the dam's stability. [19] To put this energy in perspective, the spillways at Tarbela Dam could, at full capacity, produce 40,000 MW; about ten times the capacity of its power plant. [20] Research is still active on the topic casino online 4473, with newer developments on embankment dam overflow protection systems, [8] converging spillways [9] and small weir design. [10] Spillway gates may operate suddenly without warning, under remote control. Trespassers within the spillway run the risk of drowning. Spillways are usually fenced and equipped with locked gates to prevent casual trespassing within the structure. Warning signs, sirens gratis zoek en vind spelletjes, and other measures may be in place to warn users of the downstream area of sudden release of water. Operating protocols may require "cracking" a gate to release a small amount of water to warn persons downstream. In an intermediate type live roulette 0 and 00, normal level regulation of the reservoir is controlled by the mechanical gates. If inflow to the reservoir exceeds the gate's capacity, an artificial channel called either an auxiliary or emergency spillway that is blocked by a fuse plug dike will operate. The fuse plug is designed to over-top and wash out in case of a large flood, greater than the discharge capacity of the spillway gates. Although it may take many months to restore the fuse plug and channel after such an operation, the total damage and cost to repair is less than if the main water-retaining structures had been overtopped. The fuse plug concept is used where it would be very costly to build a spillway with capacity for the probable maximum flood. A chute spillway is a common and basic design which transfers excess water from behind the dam down a smooth decline into the river below. These are usually designed following an ogee curve. Most often, they are lined on the bottom and sides with concrete to protect the dam and topography. They may have a controlling device and some are thinner and multiply lined if space and funding are tight. In addition beste norske casino unibet, they are not always intended to dissipate energy like stepped spillways. Chute spillways can be ingrained with a baffle of concrete blocks but usually have a 'flip lip' and/or dissipator basin which creates a hydraulic jump. protecting the toe of the dam from erosion. [1] One parameter of spillway design is the largest flood it is designed to handle. The structures must safely withstand the appropriate spillway design flood (SDF). A 100-year recurrence interval is the flood magnitude expected to be exceeded on the average of once in 100 years. It may also be expressed as an exceedance frequency with a one per cent chance of being exceeded in any given year. The volume of water expected during the design flood is obtained by hydrologic calculations of the upstream watershed. The return period is set by dam safety guidelines, based on the size of the structure and the potential loss of human life or property downstream. Third, a stilling basin at the terminus of a spillway serves to further dissipate energy and prevent erosion. They are usually filled with a relatively shallow depth of water and sometimes lined with concrete. A number of velocity-reducing components can be incorporated into their design to include chute blocks slots games xchange, baffle blocks, wing walls, surface boils or an end sill. [23] Second, at the base of a spillway, a flip bucket can create a hydraulic jump and deflect water upwards.
0 コメント
メッセージを残してください。 |